ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the response of post-surgical pain to the application of electroacupuncture and moxibustion using the IKDC scale. Methods: Quasi-experimental study in the integral clinic of the Universidad Estatal del Valle de Toluca, the treatment consisted of the consented application of ten sessions of electroacupuncture and moxibustion distributed in two weekly sessions of 30 minutes for the monitoring of postoperative pain in anterior cruciate ligament plasty. Results: 100 % pain reduction (VAS 0/10) was obtained from the sixth session (21 days), 100 % recovery of the surgical wounds was observed, edema was reduced to 75 % (Godet sign 1+/4+) and mobility was increased to 59% IKDC (47.4/80 total points). Conclusions: The effectiveness of therapy with electroacupuncture (1) and moxibustion (2,3) in the treatment of post-surgical pain was evidenced by means of the IKDC (4) scale at the end of the ten sessions, in addition to accelerated healing, decreased edema and increased joint mobility in less time, being a therapeutic option in analgesia and recovery from surgical procedures as long as it is practiced according to the scientific, clinical bases.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la respuesta del dolor postquirúrgico ante la aplicación de electroacupuntura y moxibustión mediante la escala IKDC. Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental en la clínica integral de la Universidad Estatal del Valle de Toluca. el tratamiento consistió en la aplicación consentida de diez sesiones de electroacupuntura y moxibustión distribuidas en dos sesiones semanales de 30 minutos para el monitoreo del dolor postquirúrgico en plastia del ligamento cruzado anterior. Resultados: Se obtuvo disminución del dolor al 100 % (EVA 0/10) a partir de la sexta sesión (21 días) observó recuperación de las heridas quirúrgicas al 100 %, disminución del edema al 75 % (signo Godet 1+/4+) y aumento de la movilidad al 59 % IKDC (47,4/80 puntos totales). Conclusiones: Se evidenció la efectividad de la terapia con electroacupuntura (1) y moxibustión (2,3) en el tratamiento del dolor postquirúrgico por medio de la escala IKDC (4) al concluir las diez sesiones, además de cicatrización acelerada, disminución del edema y aumento en la movilidad articular en menor tiempo, siendo una opción terapéutica en la analgesia y recuperación de procedimientos quirúrgicos siempre que se practique conforme a las bases científicas, clínicas.

ABSTRACT The incidence of the psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) was investigated in Brazilian native parrots with normal feathering arriving at rescue and triage centers for wild animals (CETAS, IBAMA) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. BFDV DNA was investigated by previously described PCR technique for the partial amplification of BFDV ORF-1 in DNA extracts from blood, cloacal swab or liver of psittacines. Some birds provided more than one sample. Nine species of psittacines were sampled between January 2009 and October 2010. Blood (n=46) or cloacal swab (n=128) samples were obtained from psittacines immediately upon arrival at the triage centers. Liver samples were collected from necropsied birds dead on arrival (n=167). All swab samples were negative, except for one Ara ararauna individual (n=3) which blood presented the BFDV DNA. On the other hand, 11 liver samples were positive for BFDV DNA, with a prevalence of 7.8% in Amazona aestiva (n=140). No BFDV DNA was detected in the liver of Amazona amazonica (n=11), A. vinacea (n=5), A. rhodochorytha (n=4), Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (n=3), Ara ararauna, (n=3), Aratinga leucophtalma (n=2), Guarouba guarouba (n=1) and Pionus maximiliani (n=1). In most cases, alopecia was not associated with BFDV detection in liver, and liver histopathology was inconclusive. Although all cloacal swab samples were negative, a few psittacines (n=19) that died at CETAS-Belo Horizonte were retested, and 21% were detected as positive in liver. A group of psittacines (n=16) was clinically evaluated, and despite showing feather dystrophy, all birds were negative in the cloacal swabs, except for one, which blood sample was positive (A. ararauna). The obtained sequences of the BFDV strains BH 215 and BH 732 were deposited in the GenBank (JQ649409 and JQ649410). A 98% similarity with strain sequences described in Australia, Japan, and New Zealand was observed. It is possible that these strains arrived in Brazil through the legal and illegal trade of parrots. However, it was not possible to associate BFDV infection with the geographical origin of birds and no local marker was detected. The rates of detection, although similar to other studies, indicate the tendency of a high incidence of the disease, possibly associated with stress, and high bird density and wide transmission in captivity conditions.

Falconiformes (n=82), Strigiformes (n=84) and Cathartiformes (n=14) at a triage center (CETAS-Belo Horizonte, IBAMA, Brazil) were examined between 2008 and 2010 . No bird was reactive at hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) for antibodies against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg). Two Caracara plancus (2/68) had HI titers (16-32) against Newcastle disease virus. No Chlamydophila psittaci DNA was detected in the liver (PCR; n=95). Blood smears (Giemsa; n=89) and spleen fragments (PCR; n=82) were 13.5% and 8.5% positive, respectively, for Haemoproteus only. Necropsy of Cathartiformes (n=10), Falconiformes (n=42) and Strigiformes (n=57) showed that trauma injuries were the main cause (63.3%) of admission and death, being fractures (38.5%) of the thoracic limbs (57.1%) the most frequent. Nematode (12.8%), cestode (1.8%), trematode (0.9%), and acanthocephalan (2.7%) parasite infections were relevant. Mites (Acari) were the most frequent (17.4%) external parasites, particularly Ornithonyssus sylviarum in Asio clamator and Amblyomma cajennense in Tyto alba. Chewing lice (10.1%) and Pseudolynchia spp. (9.2%) were also found. Histomonas spp. (6.4%) was found in the ceca of Bubo virginianus, Athene cunicularia, Tyto alba, and Asio clamator, but not in Falconiformes or Cathartiformes. Trichomonas spp. (oral cavity, pharynx and upper esophagus; 9.1%) was detected in Falconiformes and Strigiformes, but not in Cathartiformes. Trichomonas spp. were found in A. cunicularia, Asio clamator, Glaucidium brasilianum and Tyto alba (Strigiformes), and in Rupornis magnirostris, Milvago chimachima, Falco femoralis, Falco sparverius and Caracara plancus (Falconiformes). Coccidia (9.1%) (Sarcocystis spp., 6.4%) and mycosis were observed in most Tyto alba (70%). The evaluated Orders may not pose risks for commercial poultry production. Habitat loss and urban adaptation may be increasingly affecting raptors.